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Ali, Ali Hussein
- Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial activity of Disulfide and Sulfone Compounds Derivatives from Benzimidazole
Authors
1 Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, Diyala University, Diyala, IQ
Source
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 12, No 6 (2019), Pagination: 3053-3058Abstract
This study aimed to prepare a series of disulfide and sulfone compounds derivatives from benzimidazole. The target compounds were prepared by three steps: First step comprise synthesis of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole derivatives from reaction of 4- (un)substituted-o-pheneylenediamine with carbon disulfide, In the second step: Alkylation of the 2-mercaptobenzimidazole derivatives with different alkyl halides to obtain thioether compounds. Final step: include oxidation of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole derivatives to yielded disulfide compounds while oxidation of thioether compounds gave sulfone derivatives by using hydrogen peroxide as oxidizing agent. The chemical structures of all synthesized compounds were confirmed by FT-IR and some by 1H and 13C-NMR.Some selected compounds were tested in vitro for their antibacterial activity by disc diffusion method against two types of Gram-positive bacteria namely (Staphylococcous aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria namely (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli). The results displayed that most of the prepared compounds have a good antibacterial activity when compared with the standard antibiotic ampicillin and ciprofloxacin.Keywords
2-Mercaptobenzimidazole, Sulfone Compounds, Thioether, Alkylation.References
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- A Comparative Study in Healthy Psychological Burning among Football Referees and Football Referees of First Class Halls in Southern Zone
Authors
1 THI-QAR University, College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, IQ
Source
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 10, No 11 (2019), Pagination: 1750-1753Abstract
Term of (Burnout) is being repeated in last years within sources of sports psychology which means (Burning) and it is a case of psychological & physical exhausting which may infects the athletic due to accumulating of emption and entertainment and as a source for worry and fear to fail instead of desire to success, win and rising, Process of refereeing in football is a difficult mission the referee bears heavy loads and many troubles but he became delighted to practice it because the foundation of his practice of it is a pure hobby so he always seeks to a success in it through continuous work despite physical, technical and social obligations, The research aimed to know about differences in the phenomenon of psychological burning among football referees and football referees of first class halls in southern zone.
The researchers assumed that there are differences with moral guidance in the phenomenon of psychological burning among football referees and football referees of first class halls in southern zone.
The researchers had mentioned to the theoretical studies that contained of multiple researches related to the topic of the research. The researchers used the describing method by principle of comparative studies due to is suitable for the problem of the research, The research sample was contained from (28) referees divided onto (14) football referees and (14) referees of first class halls after implementing measure of psychological burning on a sample of research the researchers did to find differences between the two groups by using the law of (T) for the independent samples, After that theses results has been previewed and analysis and discussed so the researchers reached to conclusions the most important of the is that there are no any moral differences between the groups of football referees and football referees of first class halls in southern zone.
As for the most important recommendations that there is a necessity to insert referees whether football referees and football referees of first-class halls in southern zone. And would be supervised by psychological consultant for sake to instruct them about the psychological burning phenomenon and causing reasons so to insure their acknowledgment of this phenomenon in future.